Climate Change Adaptation
Odisha’s diverse geography, ranging from the arid landscapes of western Odisha to the cyclone-prone coastal regions, makes the state particularly vulnerable to climate change. Western Odisha experiences challenges such as drought, heatwaves, and water scarcity, while coastal Odisha faces threats like cyclones, sea-level rise, flooding, and saline intrusion. These climatic adversities disrupt livelihoods, ecosystems, and infrastructure, necessitating tailored adaptation strategies. Climate change adaptation involves adjusting natural, social, and economic systems to reduce risks while enhancing resilience. YCDA has taken various initiatives in its ongoing projects to address these challenges and have special interventions on climate change adaptation strategies.
The following are key interventions
Water Resource Management
Water resource management is critical for mitigating drought and water scarcity in western Odisha and addressing saline intrusion and flooding in coastal Odisha. In western Odisha, promoting water-efficient irrigation systems like drip, borewell, and sprinkler techniques significantly reduces water stress. Constructing rainwater harvesting structures, such as small check dams and farm ponds, enhances water availability. Reviving traditional water conservation systems and introducing drought-resistant crop varieties are additional measures that help combat drought.
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Sustainable Agriculture Practices
Sustainable agriculture is a cornerstone of climate change adaptation for Odisha’s agrarian communities. In western Odisha, farmers facilitated the adoption of agroforestry and integrated farming systems to diversify incomes and improve soil fertility. Training in climate-resilient practices and organic farming methods, along with the provision of crop insurance, mitigate economic risks associated with climate variability. Climate-smart technologies like raised-bed farming protect crops from flooding.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Effective disaster risk reduction strategies are essential to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events in both western and coastal Odisha. In western Odisha, early warning systems for droughts and heat waves are necessary to prepare communities for impending risks. Establishing community-based disaster preparedness plans and training residents in sustainable forest management help reduce the impact of forest fires and other emergencies.
Ecosystem Restoration and Conservation
Ecosystem restoration and conservation play a pivotal role in Odisha’s climate change adaptation strategies. In western Odisha, reforesting degraded lands and conserving native drought-resistant plant species stabilize soil, improve groundwater recharge, and enhance biodiversity. Soil and water conservation measures, such as contour bunding and terracing, help reduce erosion and improve agricultural productivity.
Livelihood Diversification
Livelihood diversification is a critical adaptation strategy to reduce dependence on the climate-sensitive sector. In western Odisha, promoting non-farm income opportunities, such as handicrafts, poultry farming, and small-scale food processing, can provide stable alternatives for rural households. Introducing climate-resilient technologies, such as solar pumps and biogas plants, can further empower communities. In coastal Odisha, alternative livelihoods help reduce pressure on traditional fishing and farming activities. Training women and youth in these alternative livelihoods ensures gender inclusivity and promotes equitable development.
Community Mobilization and Capacity Building
Community mobilization and capacity building are foundational to climate change adaptation in Odisha. Awareness campaigns can educate communities about the risks of climate change and the benefits of adaptive practices. Strengthening local governance and integrating climate adaptation strategies into village and district development plans ensures sustained and coordinated efforts. Training community-based organizations in participatory resource management enhances the effective implementation of interventions.
